{
    "id": "georgia-history-timeline",
    "name": "Georgia History Timeline: Key Events From the Mound Builders to 1996, With Sources",
    "description": "27 dated Georgia history events with place and a National Park Service, Georgia State Parks, Georgia Historical Society or Georgia Archives source for each.",
    "page": "https://itsgeorgia.com/things-to-do/georgia-history-and-heritage/",
    "csv": "https://itsgeorgia.com/data/downloads/georgia-history-timeline.csv",
    "json": "https://itsgeorgia.com/data/downloads/georgia-history-timeline.json",
    "schema": "https://itsgeorgia.com/data/schema/georgia-history-timeline.json",
    "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "attribution": "It's Georgia (itsgeorgia.com), CC BY 4.0",
    "citation": "It's Georgia (2026). Georgia History Timeline: Key Events From the Mound Builders to 1996, With Sources. https://itsgeorgia.com/things-to-do/georgia-history-and-heritage/",
    "publisher": "It's Georgia",
    "geo_scope": "Georgia, USA",
    "modified": "2026-10-19",
    "row_count": 27,
    "columns": [
        "date",
        "event",
        "place",
        "source_title",
        "source_url",
        "checked"
    ],
    "rows": [
        {
            "date": "before 9000 BC",
            "event": "Ice Age hunters were present at the Ocmulgee site, and people lived there until around 1715 AD.",
            "place": "Macon",
            "source_title": "Georgia: Ocmulgee National Monument (NPS)",
            "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/ocmulgee.htm",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "900 to about 1350",
            "event": "Mississippian peoples were the dominant culture at Ocmulgee; the late Mississippian village was lived in from about 1350 to the late 1600s.",
            "place": "Macon",
            "source_title": "Georgia: Ocmulgee National Monument (NPS)",
            "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/ocmulgee.htm",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "1000 to 1550",
            "event": "Several thousand Native Americans lived at Etowah Indian Mounds, a Mississippian ceremonial complex of ritual and burial mounds.",
            "place": "Cartersville, Bartow County",
            "source_title": "Etowah Indian Mounds (Georgia State Parks)",
            "source_url": "https://gastateparks.org/EtowahIndianMounds",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "February 1733",
            "event": "Savannah was founded; settlers arrived on February 1 at Yamacraw Bluff, the site Oglethorpe chose. The Trustees' charter from King George II dated from 1732.",
            "place": "Savannah",
            "source_title": "Savannah, Georgia: The Lasting Legacy of Colonial City Planning (NPS)",
            "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/savannah-georgia-the-lasting-legacy-of-colonial-city-planning-teaching-with-historic-places.htm",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": 1736,
            "event": "Three years after founding Georgia, General James Edward Oglethorpe established Fort Frederica on St. Simons Island.",
            "place": "St. Simons Island",
            "source_title": "Frederica Historical Background (NPS)",
            "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/fofr/learn/historyculture/frederica-historical-background.htm",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "January 2, 1788",
            "event": "Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, in Augusta.",
            "place": "Augusta",
            "source_title": "Georgia's State Capital (Georgia Historical Society marker)",
            "source_url": "https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/georgias-state-capital/",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": 1825,
            "event": "The Cherokee national legislature established New Echota as its capital; the site later held the first Indian-language newspaper office.",
            "place": "Calhoun, Gordon County",
            "source_title": "New Echota State Historic Site (Georgia State Parks)",
            "source_url": "https://gastateparks.org/NewEchota",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "December 1835",
            "event": "U.S. officials met a small Cherokee minority at New Echota; twenty signers ceded all Cherokee land east of the Mississippi, and the Senate ratified the treaty in May 1836 by one vote.",
            "place": "New Echota",
            "source_title": "What Happened on the Trail of Tears? (NPS)",
            "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/trte/learn/historyculture/what-happened-on-the-trail-of-tears.htm",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "May 1838 to March 1839",
            "event": "Federal troops and state militias rounded up Cherokees into stockades from May 1838; by March 1839 all survivors had reached the west.",
            "place": "Cherokee lands in Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee",
            "source_title": "What Happened on the Trail of Tears? (NPS)",
            "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/trte/learn/historyculture/what-happened-on-the-trail-of-tears.htm",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "April 10-11, 1862",
            "event": "U.S. forces began bombarding Fort Pulaski on April 10; the commander surrendered about 2:30 p.m. the next day.",
            "place": "Cockspur Island, near Savannah",
            "source_title": "Battle for Fort Pulaski (NPS)",
            "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/battle-for-fort-pulaski.htm",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "September 18-20, 1863",
            "event": "The Battle of Chickamauga was fought along Chickamauga Creek in north Georgia.",
            "place": "North Georgia (park at Fort Oglethorpe)",
            "source_title": "The Battle of Chickamauga (NPS)",
            "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/chch/learn/historyculture/battle-of-chickamauga.htm",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "Late February 1864",
            "event": "The first prisoners arrived at Camp Sumter (Andersonville); about 45,000 Union soldiers were held there and nearly 13,000 died.",
            "place": "Andersonville, Sumter County",
            "source_title": "History of the Andersonville Prison (NPS)",
            "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/ande/learn/historyculture/camp_sumter_history.htm",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "June 27, 1864",
            "event": "The Union attack at Kennesaw Mountain took place on the morning of June 27, as part of the 1864 Atlanta Campaign.",
            "place": "North and west of Marietta",
            "source_title": "Battle Detail, The Civil War (NPS)",
            "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battles-detail.htm?battleCode=ga015",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "July 22, 1864",
            "event": "The Battle of Atlanta was fought, one of four inconclusive battles inside today's I-285 Perimeter (Peachtree Creek July 20, Atlanta July 22, Ezra Church July 28, Utoy Creek August 6).",
            "place": "Atlanta",
            "source_title": "The Battles for Atlanta (Georgia Historical Society marker)",
            "source_url": "https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/the-battles-for-atlanta/",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "September 2, 1864",
            "event": "Atlanta fell to Union forces after they cut the last supply railroad at Jonesboro, August 31 to September 1.",
            "place": "Atlanta",
            "source_title": "The Battles for Atlanta (Georgia Historical Society marker)",
            "source_url": "https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/the-battles-for-atlanta/",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "November 15, 1864",
            "event": "U.S. forces under General William T. Sherman set out from Atlanta on the March to the Sea, a march of over 250 miles.",
            "place": "Atlanta",
            "source_title": "Georgia Historical Society to Commemorate Beginning of Sherman's March to the Sea",
            "source_url": "https://www.georgiahistory.com/georgia-historical-society-to-commemorate-beginning-of-shermans-march-to-the-sea/",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "December 1864",
            "event": "Sherman's forces captured Savannah. The Georgia Historical Society marker gives December 21, 1864; the National Park Service's Fort Pulaski page says Sherman entered the city on December 22, 1864.",
            "place": "Savannah",
            "source_title": "March to the Sea: Savannah (Georgia Historical Society marker)",
            "source_url": "https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/march-to-the-sea-savannah/",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "May 1865",
            "event": "The Andersonville prison ceased operation after about fourteen months of use.",
            "place": "Andersonville, Sumter County",
            "source_title": "History of the Andersonville Prison (NPS)",
            "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/ande/learn/historyculture/camp_sumter_history.htm",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "September 3, 1868",
            "event": "The Georgia House voted that 25 of its 29 Black members were not qualified to hold office; two Black senators were expelled on September 12.",
            "place": "Atlanta",
            "source_title": "Documenting Reconstruction and Civil Rights in Georgia's Records 1865-1870 (Georgia Archives)",
            "source_url": "https://www.georgiaarchives.org/assets/documents/Documenting_Reconstruction_Website.pdf",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "September 19, 1868",
            "event": "A rally in Mitchell County ended with about a dozen freedmen killed in the Camilla Massacre, one of the most violent episodes of Reconstruction in Georgia.",
            "place": "Camilla, Mitchell County",
            "source_title": "Camilla Massacre (Georgia Historical Society marker)",
            "source_url": "https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/camilla-massacre/",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "July 1870",
            "event": "Georgia was readmitted to the Union for the second time; it had ratified the 15th Amendment in February.",
            "place": "Statewide",
            "source_title": "Documenting Reconstruction and Civil Rights in Georgia's Records 1865-1870 (Georgia Archives)",
            "source_url": "https://www.georgiaarchives.org/assets/documents/Documenting_Reconstruction_Website.pdf",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "January 15, 1929",
            "event": "Martin Luther King Jr. was born in the house at 501 Auburn Avenue NE.",
            "place": "Atlanta",
            "source_title": "Birth Home (NPS, Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historical Park)",
            "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/malu/planyourvisit/birth-home.htm",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "April 12, 1945",
            "event": "President Franklin D. Roosevelt died at the Little White House; he first came to Warm Springs in 1924, hoping to find a cure for polio.",
            "place": "Warm Springs, Meriwether County",
            "source_title": "Little White House Historic Site (Georgia State Parks)",
            "source_url": "https://gastateparks.org/LittleWhiteHouse",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "July 25, 1946",
            "event": "Two African American couples were beaten and shot by an unmasked mob at Moore's Ford Bridge on the Apalachee River.",
            "place": "Moore's Ford Bridge, Apalachee River",
            "source_title": "Moore's Ford Lynching (Georgia Historical Society marker)",
            "source_url": "https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/moores-ford-lynching/",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "March 15, 1960",
            "event": "The first student sit-ins were held at 11 eating facilities in downtown Atlanta; 77 students were arrested.",
            "place": "Atlanta, Fulton County",
            "source_title": "Atlanta Student Movement (Georgia Historical Society marker)",
            "source_url": "https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/atlanta-students-movement/",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "November 1961",
            "event": "The Albany Movement began at Shiloh Baptist Church; over two years 1,500 protesters were detained and Dr. King took part.",
            "place": "Albany, Dougherty County",
            "source_title": "Georgia Civil Rights Trail: The Albany Movement (Georgia Historical Society)",
            "source_url": "https://www.georgiahistory.com/?p=28405",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        {
            "date": "July 19 to August 4, 1996",
            "event": "Atlanta hosted the Centennial Summer Olympic Games.",
            "place": "Atlanta",
            "source_title": "1996 Summer Olympics: Games of the XXVI Olympiad (Georgia Historical Society marker)",
            "source_url": "https://www.georgiahistory.com/ghmi_marker_updated/1996-summer-olympics-games-of-the-xxvi-olympiad/",
            "checked": "2026-10-19"
        }
    ]
}